![]() It is an easy-to-use tool for viewing, printing and managing your fonts. It displays all system fonts using their own font face. Mac TrueType fonts only work on the Mac, while Windows TrueType fonts work on Windows and Mac OS X. This font format has been around since the 1980s and is the most common type of cross-platform font. Features include automatic file recognition. In the event a PC job is using PostScript fonts, we use a separate font utility to create a Mac TrueType counterpart and confirm letter spacing is the same. CrossFont for Windows can convert TrueType and PostScript Type1 fonts between Macintosh and PC platforms. Convert TrueType and PostScript Type1 fonts between Macintosh and PC platforms. TrueType was developed by Apple but is also supported by Microsoft Windows. We use the Mac OS X platform which has no problem loading native PC TrueType (.ttf) and OpenType (.otf) fonts. Provide a quick and easy way to browse your system fonts. CrossFont Convert PostScript Type 1 fonts to OpenType. Print the list as you see it on screen, or save it to PDF to send to a friend or co-worker. An essential mac font management software tool - browse all of your installed fonts by visual preview, or check out an entire character map. ![]() ![]() Advanced font viewer and font manager for Windows that supports all font types (Truetype, Opentype, Postscript, Raster and Vector). Easily and quickly group and activate fonts, preview fonts, print font sample sheet or print fonts catalog FontSuit. Microgetics Font Effects - Create great Font Effects, Logos and Animated sequences for the Web.FontExpert 2005 - Manage and viewe font for Adobe Type 1, TrueType and OpenType Fonts.AL Font Installer - Look through any fonts which will be installed on your computer and install new fonts is more convenient.Help you to catalog font files on CD-ROMs, hard drives (including network drives), optical disks, Zip and Jaz disks, and other media. With CrossFont, you can use some fonts between windows pc or mac. Automatically assigns kerning if it exists.Automatically search folders and subfolders for supported font files.Drop font files and folders onto main window for easy conversion.Character outlines, metrics and hinting are preserved between platforms.Avec : Anna Faris, Regina Hall, Craig Bierko. Ensemble, ils font face à une invasion daliens. Support for OS X data fork fonts (.dfont). Une jeune femme, engagée comme infirmière dans une maison hantée, tombe amoureuse de son voisin.Generate missing supporting font files (AFM, PFM, INF, PFA, etc.).Convert TrueType fonts between Windows PC and Macintosh. ![]()
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![]() Support encrypt files on mobile devices by using the mobile app.A Cross-platform program, supporting Windows, macOS, and Android. ![]() Offer transparent encryption without any backdoors.It allows you to protect your cloud data by yourself and independently in Dropbox and other cloud services. Cryptomator encrypts both files and filenames with the latest standards AES and 256-bit keys.Ĭryptomator allows you to access files from all devices. VeraCrypt encryption process is quite complex and requires a lot of timeĬlient-Side BitLocker Alternative - CryptomatorĬryptomator is another open-source client-side encryption for Dropbox, Google Drive. You can encrypt your files by drag-and-drop and sync to the cloud quickly, no more complex setup processes.An outdated model that makes the software opaque, difficult to find a certain function.Not user-friendly with a little messy interface.Support several disk encryption algorithms, such as AES, Camellia, Twofish, SHA-256, and RIPEMD-160.provide a wide range of features, including full disk or certain drives encryption, creating encrypted virtual disks, and more.Support encrypting hard disk at multiple operating systems.You can choose the one you like.īesides, you can mount and create virtual encrypted drives, as well as encrypt your operating system partitions for maximum security. VeraCrypt offers different encryption algorithms, including the popular AES, as well as less well-known but still robust algorithms such as Twofish and Camellia. VeraCrypt is a free and open-source disk encryption software for Windows, Mac OSX, and Linux. This software allows you to create encrypted passwords for all drives and the partitions on your computer. The external disk cannot be encrypted CurrentlyĪn Open Source BitLocker Alternative - VeraCrypt.Monitors a disk or folder and its subfolders as the user makes changes and writes or any actions or changes.Other data protection options: file hiding, locking, protecting, and shredding. ![]() When you forget your password, you can find it through the pre-defined email ![]()
![]() So the real question is: where does a waterfall chaser begin? What are the best waterfalls in Georgia? That’s where we come in. Waterfall chasing adventures abound in the Peach State some falls, such as Amicalola Falls and Anna Ruby Falls, are proudly displayed - out in the open - for all to see, and others, such as Raven Cliff, require a bit more effort to reach.įrom beautiful waterfall hikes and superlative cascades to cerulean-blue waterfall swimming holes and walk-behind falls, waterfall chasing is a celebrated pastime in Georgia, with these falls offering the most enchanting experience of the Peach State. With 700+ falls in the state, you don’t have to go far to find a waterfall in Georgia. Best Waterfall Swimming Holes in Georgia.There are waterfalls all across the Peach State, you see and today, we’re indulging our waterfall chasing wanderlust and exploring the best waterfalls in Georgia. There are superlative, stop-you-in-your tracks waterfalls, and seasonal surprises seen only after a winter thaw or heavy spring rain. There are no-hike waterfalls and epic, day-long waterfall-chasing adventures. There are double waterfalls and waterfall swimming holes in Georgia walk-behind waterfalls and, if you can believe it, even frozen waterfalls. These waterfalls range in size, from the thunderous, awe-inspiring wonders of Amicalola Falls and Panther Creek Falls, to the smaller babbling cascades at Sweetwater Creek. Georgia’s waterfalls are abundant and plentiful, spilling from the North Georgia mountains via meandering streams, creeks, and rivers. Within this wondrous wilderness, there are an estimated 700 waterfalls. For starters, Georgia has an estimated 24.5 million acres of forest land, which comprises over 40% of the state. Georgia might be known across the country for peaches and beaches, but there’s more to this Southern state than stone fruit and sand. Some others to check out are Dukes Creek Falls, Hemlock Falls, Holcomb Creek Falls, Horsetrough Falls, Ammons Creek Falls, Minnehaha Falls, Raven Cliff Falls, and Becky Branch Falls.Posted in Georgia Nature, Waterfalls Februby Sarah McCosham The Best Waterfalls In Georgia: Local Favorites and Hidden Gems For Your Bucket List ![]() ![]() Dahlonega GA 30533 Surprisingly, there are a lot of waterfalls in Georgia. Many believe that his expedition passed through the area when they were trying to find gold.Īddress: US 129/19 N. Fun fact: A legend states that Spanish armor belonging to Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto was found near the falls. It’s a two-mile easy to moderate hike to get to the falls. The Desoto Falls are located in Lumpkin County and are close to Helen, GA. ![]() There is no swimming, fishing, hiking, climbing, or wading allowed at the waterfalls.Īddress: 107 Kincaid Dr, Toccoa Falls, GA 30598 The Toccoa Fall is a 186 foot, free-falling waterfall. The campus privately owns it, but it is open to the public for a small entrance fee. Toccoa Falls is located on the campus of Toccoa Falls College. Most consider the hike to be easy to moderate.Īddress: 3455 Anna Ruby Falls Rd, Helen, GA 30545 The trail is about half a mile long, and it takes roughly 30 minutes to get to the base. There is a paved trail from the parking lot to the base of the waterfalls. The Anna Ruby Falls marks the junction of Curtis and York creeks. It is in the Chattahoochee National Forest. The Anna Ruby Falls is located in Helen, GA. 3 miles to 2.1 miles.Īddress: 418 Amicalola Falls Road, Dawsonville, GA 30534 Depending on where you begin, your hike could be from. There are three different ways to get to Amicalola Falls. Amicalola Falls is a 729 waterfall located in the Amicalola Falls State Park. This is on my bucket list! I have heard such great things about Amicalola Falls and the state park. ![]() The output name can be something totally different to the input name, but I tend to use something similar, as it helps to identify it when you have a folder full of files. Below is a general principle, where input is the actual name of the video, following by the video format and the name that you want your gif to be. QGifer by ukasz Chodya is an open source application that will help you easily extract scenes. Find the GIFs, Clips, and Stickers that make your conversations more positive, more expressive, and more you. Download it now: here 3) Imgur One of the most. ![]() The best gif apps is compatible with devices running Android 4.0.3 and up. Once you have selected the video that you want to convert, open your terminal and change directory where your video is saved. GIF Keyboard is a free download and has no in-app purchases or ads. Make sure to install ffmpeg using your distribution’s package manager: sudo apt install ffmpeg I downloaded the video from YouTube using youtube-dl and then I trimmed the video to get the first 5 seconds. In this example, I will use the Linux Mint 20 new feature presentation video. We also have a good collection of ffmpge usage examples. It can also resize video on the fly without compromising the quality.įFmpeg is a powerful tool and can be used for various scenarios, if you are curious here is the official documentation. To make pretty big jumps between each frame, which means the animation is not very fluid.FFmpeg is a video and audio converter that can also grab from a live audio/video source. To create a movie of any substantial length, you have the fluid animation we see in movies includes at least 24 still images every second. ![]() And you can't even accomplish very much with 20 frames Transmit very easily to most users, but when you get up to something like 20 frames, After all, each frame is a full bitmap image. The disadvantage is that you have to keep the animation pretty simple to keep theįile size down. You then post the file and code the tag for the image, just as you would with Such as GIF construction set for Windows or GifBuilder for Macintosh, all you have toĭo is provide the individual bitmap images that make up the frames of your animation. The main advantages of GIF animation are that it is incredibly simple to work withĪnd it is automatically recognizable to most Web browsers. To catch on, and it is still very popular today. This sort of animation, called GIF animation, or GIF89, was the first Web animation Capture from screen, webcam, or sketch board. You can add your GIF from Giphy or any source. Supports GIF, APNG, Video, Project images, and PSD formats. Our simple online GIF maker allows you to create and customise GIFs for free. You can customize the app to meet your exact preferences. The app is open-source available on GitHub. To add animation to a Web site is to post a series of bitmap images that the user's browser displays Screen To GIF is a free GIF maker and GIF editor software that you can use to create animated images. Typically, Web sites post these sorts of images as either JPEG files or GIF files.Īnimation is just a series of still images shown in sequence, so the most obvious way Produced GIFs are of high quality and free of watermarks or attribution, making this tool ideal for developers and content creators. These bitmap images, several different techniques are used to compress the image data. GIF maker allows you to instantly create your animated GIFs by combining separated image files as frames. The illustrations come in the form of bitmap files.Ī bitmap file simply describes the color of each pixel in the image. One of the biggest innovations in the history of the Internet was the ability to integrate photographsĪnd other illustrations with text on a web page. They're almost always good for a laugh or two. Whether they are used to capture a delectable moment on a show like "Mad Men," an epic tumble down a flight of stairs or a bizarre facial expression, they are like the best bits of a conversation or a spectacularly good punch line, on repeat, for your entertainment, forever. They belong in a technology boneyard, decaying and forgotten, with their kindred: laserdiscs, VHS tapes, Zip drives.īut instead, they're having a renaissance, as Ann Friedman at the Poynter Institute and others have noted. GIFs, those simple, short animated images, should have faded into obsolescence as computers and the images they could handle became faster. Before I show an introductory tutorial for GIF animation using GIMP, I will introduce a good article on GIF animation.Īn article on GIF's revival, Aug 12, 2012, from Bits, Digital Diary: How GIFs Became the Perfect Medium for the Olympics So, I am not planning to make lots of GIFs, instead I will make only a couple limited to the areas GIF is still good enough. Though GIF is the one of the first image format for animation, and it's been widly used, it seems lost favor recently, mostly because of Flash. ![]() A brief history of the Western compositionĪrchaeologists date the existence of music back to between 60,000 and 30,000 BC. However, it is important for the songwriter to have an understanding of how songs and compositions came to be and evolved to become the foundation of the modern music industry. The history of composition is much too abundant to fully recount in detail here. It is important to note that this process is independent from that of the licensing of sound recordings, which are separate copyrights created by artists and are usually owned by record labels. Once these requirements are met, compositions can be licensed to interested buyers through a music publisher. The song must be fixed in a tangible medium (such as notes written on a sheet of paper or a sound recording on tape or in a digital file) and must be an original expression. ![]() However, there are criteria that a composition must meet in order to be protected under American copyright law. There is no concrete definition of a composition, only the aforementioned terms we use to characterize it. Though the two terms technically refer to different things, they will be used somewhat interchangeably in this guide because they function in the exact same way in the music business. The term “composition” typically refers to an instrumental musical piece, while the term “song” usually applies to musical works accompanied by lyrics. It is the collection of notes, melodies, phrases, rhythms, lyrics, and/or harmonies that make up the essence of the work. One will also find links to tools and additional resources that can be utilized to further one’s education and get the most from the network.įinally, as questions and ideas arise, please do not hesitate to reach out to Exploration for clarification. Music enthusiasts who want to write music (or just learn about it) but don’t know where to start.Those interested in a career in music publishing or or the music business in general.Music publishers who want to brush up on the nuts and bolts of their business and who are looking for what makes a composition “the best” in order to maximize investments and increase income flow.In this guide, they will also have the opportunity to learn how to maximize the potential of their work(s) in order to target key audiences and increase profitability - all while staying true to their craft. Composers or Songwriters seeking a thorough understanding of their rights as creators.This guide will build a foundation that will aid in one’s understanding of the complex web of music industry licensing structures and business entities covered in the overall guide. The purpose of this guide is to provide a detailed account of what a composition is and to further elucidate the difference between the composition and the sound recording. ![]() When I learn of one closing I will move it to the category Vanishing NYC. Sadly, far too many of these unique, independent businesses close every year. There's nothing better than a diner - the bottomless cups of coffee combined with made to order comfort food like bacon and eggs or French toast. I am not compensated for writing these reviews and I'm only writing about the places that I like. For more information on many of NYC’s vibrant neighborhoods, have a read of my Neighborhood Guides. ![]() Experience the hidden gems and places that New Yorkers frequent. This is an ongoing project to list the best of indie New York so visit often to discover the real New York City. I love the independent businesses in New York, they are the heart and soul of the city! In this section you will find bookstores, cafés, restaurants, arts & crafts markets and more. With many of them, it is probably best to call them as they may not have had the opportunity to update the information on their website. Pause recording multiple times in one video Shoot as many times as you need. Watch all types of videos, from Comedy, Gaming, DIY, Food, Sports, Memes, and Pets, to Oddly Satisfying, ASMR, and everything in between. I do suggest that you verify if they are open before visiting them. From 2011 to 2019, there were 10 states that reported cases of babesiosis, which is spread by the black-legged tick (aka deer tick) and usually causes no symptoms but can result in flu-like illness. TikTok offers you real, interesting, and fun videos that will make your day. Thank you for listening!! Follow us on Twitter // (Jeff) (Jordan)Įnjoy tonight's Penguins road game versus the Rangers … AND of COURSE:As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, many of the businesses listed are temporarily or permanently closed. That said, Jeff and Jordan will hope for the best but be emotionally prepared for …anything. A former New York Times editor who helped pioneer the format recalled in an e-mail how the tick-tock became so popular with the paper’s brass: We realized forcefully that on Sundays we could. And those two guys… well, they’re dragging the team #down as much as the core three of Crosby/Malkin/Letang are dragging the team #along. Tick Tock Diner NY - Contact Contact Us TELEPHONE (212) 268-8444 FAX (212) 268-8443 LOCATION Corner of 34th Street & 8th Avenue ADDRESS 481 8th Ave. Check out information of New York restaurant Tick Tock Diner (Tick Tock Diner ). Brian Dumoulin and Jeff Carter continue to dress for the Pens, something that will not change anytime soon, barring injury or a force majeure event of some kind. It also just so happens to be across the street from Madison Square Garden, the site of tonight’s fourth-and-final regular season matchup between your Pittsburgh Penguins and the Rangers of New York City. Order takeaway and delivery at Tick Tock Diner NY, New York City with Tripadvisor: See 4,031 unbiased reviews of Tick Tock Diner NY, ranked 1,258 on Tripadvisor among 10,087 restaurants in New York City. KKR’s stock price increased by over 200 from January 2020 to 2022. KKR ( Ticker: KKR) is floated on the NYSE stock exchange and is valued at 41 billion. KKR is a leading global investment firm that offers alternative asset management and owns stock in ByteDance, who owns TikTok. See parking lots and garages and compare prices on the Tick Tock Diner NY parking map at. A diner just needs to be ‘fine.’ The Tick Tock Diner, an NYC institution that may, in some ways, be the only proper diner in all of Manhattan, will take care of you if you’re hungry. To invest in TikTok, you can buy shares in KKR. Find out where to park near Tick Tock Diner NY and book a space. ![]() Mixing art and music, MS Dockville is a more multi-genre choice amongst this list, but that that still doesn't mean there is no rock to be enjoyed, with artists like Interpol to enjoy at a location that boosts both intimate woodland stages and massive outdoor main stages.Īs well as MS Dockville, here is another multi-genre delight that rock fans might want to check out, as the world famous brand of Lollapalooza is et to make it's first journey to Europe for the first time in 2015. Headliners: Interpol, Django Django, Caribou, José González When and where: 14 - 16 August, Leipzig, Germany With a glorious lakeside scene, enjoy a lineup of independant rock as well as the chance to enjoy beach games, water sports and many other joys offered from this dreamlike location. Headliners: Interpol, The Gaslight Anthem, The Kooks, 257ers Rockavaria Guide in Munich / Tickets & Packages When and where: 29 - 31 May, Nürburgring & Olympiapark Münchenĭer Ring Guide in Nürburg / Tickets & Packages Muse, Metallica and Kiss will lead the line at their very first editions. Headliners: Muse, Metallica, KISS, Incubusīrand new in 2015, the twin festivals of Der Ring Gruüne Holle Rock at the Nürburgring and Rockavaria in Munich sure know how to arrive with a bang. One of the biggest gothic music festival in Europe, M'era Luna is a dark yet colourful gathering, where over 25,000 metal-heads attend to sample the various strains of metal from nu-rock to ambient. Headliners: Nightwish, ASP, Rob Zombie, Einstürzende Neubauten It's one of south-east Germany's stand-out festivals, and despite its international lineup and audience it manages to retain a brilliantly German authenticity. ![]() Headliners: Bazzookas, AnnenMayKantereit, Megaloh, The Scheenģ5 years old and going strong as ever, Pfingst Open Air operates a multi-genre policy that takes in hip-hop and even reggae alongside its core of rock and indie. While Nature One and MAYDAY show that techno continues to thrive all over the country, the rock and metal scene that spawned Rammstein keeps the likes of Rock Am Ring and Rocco Del Schlacko at the top table of guitar-driven festivals across the globe. German music festivals are well known for their diversity, with some of the best-established events in the world representing every genre you can think of. The 10 Best Rock & Metal Festivals in Germany There also isn’t any reason to, since training in a class does not negatively impact anything (other than perhaps updated content). How do I delete/remove/untrain in a class?įor most clases, you can’t. You also will not need to level up in a class (or classes!) if one ends up being a pre-requisite for future classes. Nothing happens, other than having access to all abilities, assuming that the character is a Guardian. What happens when I become Level 10 in every class? You’ll keep all of the levels that you’ve trained in that class. Will I lose a class if I train in another one? Once you have started training in a class, there is not a way to return to the Adventurer and Guardian classes. You just need to find the trainer for that class and click on “Restore _ Class” or start a quest, which will also restore it. Why isn’t my character page showing the class that I want it to? Exceptions are noted next to the classes. Most classes that require training in previous classes require level 5. Note: Adventurers (free players) can train to level 10 in Assassin, DragonSlayer, Martial Artist, Ninja, Pirate, and the Tier 1 classes (Fighter, Mage, Rogue, Scholar) but can only access skills up to level five (inclusive) in each class. Each completed quest increases your class level by one. ![]() You need to complete quests for each NPC. It varies from class to class it’s all included under the relevant class heading. Some shops will also have armors for other classes. The reason for this is to have some balance, so that you can’t use the abilities without the armor and can’t hide behind armor with great defense while using a class ability.Ĭlass armors can be found in the associated class armor shop available from the class trainer. You need the armor of that class to be able to access the skills that you’ve gained. Help! I can’t access my class skills!/ The game says that I’m gaining skills, but I don’t see any… why’s that? As your character levels up in a class, your character either gains access to a new ability/boost, increased defense, or increased elemental resistance. ![]() The armor is the main reason to train in the class, since it’s what gives you access to class abilities. Why don’t you see the markers in the content? They’re hidden to make the guide look neater.įrequently Asked Questions about Classes When the find dialouge, bar, or whatever else applies shows up, type in the corresponding search term, like ‘.1’ without the single quotes (‘). If not, look through the Edit menu for something like ‘Find…’. Hit Ctrl+F if you’re using a Windows OS (operating system) and Internet Explorer or Firefox. ![]() Non-class levelable items – Shapeshifting, Spellcrafting Sub-Races – Werewolf, Vampire, Werepyre, Dracopyre Introduction to Class-Specific Information Ĭlass-Specific Information (includes more detailed table of contents) It’s also part of a series of guides that’ll be created for a new sticky in Crucial Forum Information. Encyclopedia is a great source of information for the more detailed aspects of class armors and quests. You’ll find information about who the NPC trainer for the class is, where to find the trainer, required classes, level requirement for the quest, and level requirement(s) for the armor(s), as well as bits of other information. So, the purpose of this brief guide is to keep the basic information about classes in one place. Adventure Quest Classes, Sub-races and Non-Class Levelable Items OverviewĪs there are more classes, the class system is becoming a bit more complex. LALISA – Lisa (BLACKPINK): 2 million viewsġ0. MinBox Logging Admin UI License: Apache 2. ![]() ![]() Next Level – Karina (aespa): 2.04 million viewsĩ. mantra kirtan mp3, Four wheeler car under 5 lakhs, Dob-f0921rh, Utilisation cuisine oranaise, Minbox crunchbase. Before that Linux Mint 19 is pre-installed). Linux Mint 20 Ulyana Cinnamon pre-installed (since Aug-2020. Alcohol-Free – Jihyo (TWICE): 2.2 million viewsĨ. Minbox brings the process directly to your Mac as a lightweight app that rests in your menu bar. MintBox Mini 2 Pro (MBM2 Pro) All Compulab fitlet2 features (see specifications) Quad Core Intel Celeron J3455. city girl, cinephile, caffeine adict, part time geek. Released on July 3, RM’s fancam of Butter at SiriusXM has 2.28 million views 24. Dumb Dumb – Jeon Somi: 2.26 million viewsĦ. Refresh the page, check Medium ’s site status, or find something interesting to read. In 2021, dozens of fancams received millions of views, showing just how much people enjoy watching them These were the 25 most-watched solo fancams from 2021. On The Ground – Rosé (BLACKPINK): 2.27 million viewsĥ. Released on July 3, V ’s fancam of Butter at SiriusXM has 14.66 million views The Fancam King also has the. Next Level – Karina (aespa): 2.6 million viewsĤ. Here are the top 10 Most-viewed Fancams in 2021: 1. Next Level – Winter (aespa): 2.7 million viewsģ. Alcohol-Free – Nayeon (TWICE): 3.28 million viewsĢ. Top 10 most viewed fancams on YouTube in 2021 (rounded up and as of ):ġ. Poor the antis, TWICE is still doing a great job. In 2021, dozens of fancams received millions of views, showing just how much people enjoy watching them These were the 25 most-watched solo fancams from 2021. Check minbox.email/join/ (not linking them here though, dont want to generate traffic to their site) they offer a free email inbox in exchange of receiving spam. Nayeon, Winter, and Karina are the most popular female idols in the male fan community.Congratulations to Im Nayeon on winning first place! In C++17, you’d have to replace this with some static polymorphism. This Targus Slipskin laptop sleeve fits easily inside other computer bags and boasts hideaway handles for. The padded compartment safely stores laptops as large as 14 inches, and a zippered front pocket provides space for chargers and small items. The main issue is with the virtual keyword and runtime polymorphism. Carry computers and personal belongings in this Targus Slipskin laptop sleeve. If you wanted similar code to be executed at compile-time in C++17, it wouldn’t be straightforward. I think fancam views are also an important criterion in the idol industry. The code above works at runtime and checks if a given product can fit into minBox. ![]()
Those imperfections can create magic and a different look than what everyone is doing running around with the same lens and the same cameras. They have character, and they have it in spades. Vintage Russian lenses were made by hand in factories for quite a long time with all of the minor imperfections involved in the process. ![]() Film is inherently not optically perfect and if you’re looking for a film look using a lens that has not been over-engineered can go a long way to achieving that look. ![]() Maybe technology has homogenized the look of modern lenses and the combination of the modern digital camera you’re using with the latest lens produces something too accurate. ![]() But here’s the thing, as far as lenses are concerned, maybe it’s gotten too good. We have amazing access to filmmaking tools and equipment utilizing the most cutting edge computer driven design and production methods. The technological advances that have taken place over the past couple decades have made it so there is no better time to be an indie filmmaker. Either in terms of new innovation or quality control, which provides some drawbacks and opportunities for the indie filmmaker. Now that all sounds great, but the flip side of socialist style production, is there’s not a lot of incentive to do better. One of these lenses, the Helios 44, may be the most produced lens ever with millions of units out in the wild. You can pick up a couple of the lenses I’m going to talk about for $20-$50. This ultimately results in a lot of good lenses for very little money. So the Soviet Union took their Carl Zeiss designs and equipment and went to work. First a government run system that can control production and price and secondly you have to make a crap ton of cameras and lenses. Now, if you actually want to provide those goods to everyone, you have to have two things. Things that were once viewed as luxury goods should be accessible to everyone, and that’s how the Soviet Union theoretically approached the distribution of consumer goods, including cameras and lenses. In the Soviet Union socialist ideals lead the government to prioritize the equal distribution of resources to all people equally. It just provides some background on why they are so good. However, this does not mean that they are the same or as good as Zeiss lenses. As a result many Soviet lenses are based on Carl Zeiss designs that cost several times as much as their Soviet counterparts. I am grossly over-simplifying a complicated issue, but essentially Russia sought reparations from Germany which included obtaining the designs and actual equipment (perhaps even some of the engineers) from Carl Zeiss plants. Germany, as we all know, started and lost World War II against the Allied powers which included the Soviet Union. ![]() They were producing some of the best, if not the best, lenses in the world out of Germany. Some of you may have heard of a small lens manufacturer called Carl Zeiss. Why are these lenses such a good value? World War II Knock-Offs Ultimately, we are doing everything in our power to try and make our films look and feel the absolute best that they can, which means we are looking for value everywhere, and vintage Soviet lenses are the kings of value. Why should I care about old Russian camera lenses? As an indie filmmaker, especially a low-budget indie filmmaker, we are always looking for ways to optimize a very limited number of resources, and for most of us, the most limited resource is money. |